diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'slackbook/html/installation-partitioning.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | slackbook/html/installation-partitioning.html | 218 |
1 files changed, 218 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/slackbook/html/installation-partitioning.html b/slackbook/html/installation-partitioning.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d3821e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/slackbook/html/installation-partitioning.html @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> +<title>Partitioning</title> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> +<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> +<link rel="UP" title="Installation" href="installation.html" /> +<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="System Requirements" href="installation-requirements.html" /> +<link rel="NEXT" title="The setup Program" href="installation-setup.html" /> +<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +</head> +<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" +alink="#0000FF"> +<div class="NAVHEADER"> +<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="installation-requirements.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 3 Installation</td> +<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="installation-setup.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +</div> + +<div class="SECT1"> +<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALLATION-PARTITIONING" name="INSTALLATION-PARTITIONING">3.3 +Partitioning</a></h1> + +<p>After booting from your preferred media, you will need to partition your hard disk. +The disk partition is where the Linux filesystem will be created and is where Slackware +will be installed. At the very minimum we recommend creating two partitions; one for your +root filesystem (<tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>) and one for swap space.</p> + +<p>After the root disk finishes loading, it will present you with a login prompt. Log in +as root (there is no password). At the shell prompt, run either <tt +class="COMMAND">cfdisk</tt>(8) or <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt>(8). The <tt +class="COMMAND">cfdisk</tt> program provides a more user-friendly interface than the +regular <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> program, but does lack some features. We will +briefly explain the <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> program below.</p> + +<p>Begin by running <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> for your hard disk. In Linux, the hard +disks do not have drive letters, but are represented by a file. The first IDE hard disk +(primary master) is <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/hda</tt>, the primary slave is <tt +class="FILENAME">/dev/hdb</tt>, and so on. SCSI disks follow the same type system, but +are in the form of <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/sd<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var></tt>. You +will need to start <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> and pass it your hard disk:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdisk /dev/hda</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Like all good Unix programs, <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> gives you a prompt +(thought you were getting a menu, right?). The first thing you should do is examine your +current partitions. We do that by typing <kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> at the <tt +class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> prompt:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This will display all sorts of information about your current partitions. Most people +pick a free drive to install to and then remove any existing partitions on it to create +room for the Linux partitions.</p> + +<div class="WARNING"> +<table class="WARNING" width="100%" border="0"> +<tr> +<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src="./imagelib/admon/warning.png" +hspace="5" alt="Warning" /></td> +<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"> +<p>IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU BACK UP ANY INFORMATION YOU WANT TO SAVE BEFORE +DESTROYING THE PARTITION IT LIVES ON.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p>There is no easy way to recover from deleting a partition, so always back up before +playing with them.</p> + +<p>Looking at the table of partition information you should see a partition number, the +size of the partition, and its type. There's more information, but don't worry about that +for now. We are going to delete all of the partitions on this drive to create the Linux +ones. We run the <kbd class="USERINPUT">d</kbd> command to delete those:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">d</kbd> +Partition number (1-4): <kbd class="USERINPUT">1</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This process should be continued for each of the partitions. After deleting the +partitions we are ready to create the Linux ones. We have decided to create one partition +for our root filesystem and one for swap. It is worth noting that Unix partitioning +schemes are the subject of many flame wars, and that most users will tell you the best +way to do it. At a minimum, you should create one partition for <tt +class="FILENAME">/</tt> and one for swap. Over time, you'll develop a method that works +well for you.</p> + +<p>I use two basic partition schemes. The first is for a desktop. I make 4 partitions, +<tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/home</tt>, <tt +class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt>, and swap. This lets me re-install or upgrade the entire +installation under <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> without wiping out my data files under +/home or my custom compiled applications under <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt>. For +servers, I often replace the <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt> partition with a <tt +class="FILENAME">/var</tt> partition. Many different servers store information on that +partition and having it kept separate from <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> has certain +performance benefits. For now, we're sticking with just two partitions: <tt +class="FILENAME">/</tt> and swap.</p> + +<p>Now we create the partitions with the <kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd> command:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd> +Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) +<kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> +Partition number (1-4):<kbd class="USERINPUT">1</kbd> +First cylinder (0-1060, default 0):<kbd class="USERINPUT">0</kbd> + Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (0-1060, default 1060):<kbd +class="USERINPUT">+64M</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>You need to make sure you create primary partitions. The first partition is going to +be our swap partition. We tell fdisk to make partition number 1 a primary partition. We +start it at cylinder 0 and for the ending cylinder we type +64M. This will give us a 64 +megabyte partition for swap. (The size of the swap partition you need actually depends on +the amount of RAM you have. It is conventional wisdom that a swap space double the size +of your RAM should be created.) Then we define primary partition number 2 starting at the +first available cylinder and going all the way to the end of the drive.</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +Command (m for help):<kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd> +Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) +<kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> +Partition number (1-4):<kbd class="USERINPUT">2</kbd> +First cylinder (124-1060, default 124):<kbd class="USERINPUT">124</kbd> +Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-1060, default 1060):<kbd +class="USERINPUT">1060</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>We are almost done. We need to change the type of the first partition to type 82 +(Linux swap). Type <kbd class="USERINPUT">t</kbd> to change the type, select the first +partition, and type <var class="LITERAL">82</var>. Before writing your changes to the +disk, you should look at the new partition table one last time. Use the <kbd +class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> in <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> to display the partition +table. If everything looks good, type <kbd class="USERINPUT">w</kbd> to write your +changes to the disk and quit <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="NAVFOOTER"> +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="installation-requirements.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" +accesskey="H">Home</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="installation-setup.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">System Requirements</td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="installation.html" +accesskey="U">Up</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">The <tt class="COMMAND">setup</tt> +Program</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |